Intraocular Pressure: What It Is, Why It Matters, and How to Manage It

When we talk about intraocular pressure, the fluid pressure inside the eye that helps maintain its shape and function. Also known as eye pressure, it's a key indicator of eye health. Normal intraocular pressure ranges between 10 and 21 mm Hg. Too high, and you risk damaging the optic nerve—often without any warning signs. That’s why it’s called the "silent thief of sight." Many people don’t realize their pressure is rising until they’ve lost peripheral vision, and by then, it’s often too late to reverse the damage.

Intraocular pressure doesn’t happen in isolation. It’s closely tied to glaucoma, a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, usually due to high pressure. Not all glaucoma comes from high pressure—some people develop it even with normal readings—but elevated intraocular pressure is the biggest controllable risk factor. Doctors measure it during routine eye exams using a tonometer, a quick, painless test that’s as important as checking your blood pressure. If your pressure is consistently above 21 mm Hg, you might have ocular hypertension, a condition where eye pressure is high but no nerve damage or vision loss has occurred yet. It’s not glaucoma, but it’s a red flag that needs monitoring.

What raises your eye pressure? Genetics play a big role—if a parent had glaucoma, your risk goes up. Age matters too; after 40, your chances increase. Certain medications, like long-term steroid use, can spike pressure. Eye injuries or inflammation also interfere with fluid drainage. Even your daily habits can affect it: lying flat for long periods, doing heavy weightlifting, or drinking large amounts of fluid quickly can cause temporary spikes. The good news? You don’t have to wait for symptoms. Regular eye exams are your best defense. If your pressure is high, your doctor might recommend eye drops to improve fluid drainage or reduce production. In some cases, laser treatment or surgery is needed. The goal isn’t just to lower the number—it’s to protect your vision before it’s too late.

What you’ll find in the posts below are real-world guides on how eye pressure connects to other health conditions, what treatments actually work, and how to spot early warning signs before they turn into serious problems. No fluff. Just clear, practical info to help you take control of your eye health.